China Young Women Scientists' Award was jointly set up by the All-China Women's Federation, the China Association for Science and Technology, the Chinese National Commission for UNESCO and L'Oreal (China) Ltd. The purpose of the award is to honor young women who have made important and innovative achievements in all fields of science, stimulate enthusiasm among the nation's young women scientists to contribute to the aim of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and encourage more women scientists to engage themselves in natural science research.

The Award goes to female Chinese citizens under the age of 40 (including 40) who have made essential discoveries, achieved important results or put forward innovative ideas.

The Award is held annually. The maximum number of award winners is no more than five, one whom is chosen among female scientists in the country's under-developed western regions. There is also a nominee award. The maximum number of nominee award is also up to five.

China Young Women Scientists' Award has been held three times so far.