Science & Technology Review CONTENTS	Vol.26  No.21  2008 (Sum No. 267)
	This issue published on 13. Nov., 2008
Forward
3  Establish the Hardware and Software Foundation of IT Industry in China NI Guangnan
News Round
9  Scientific and Technological Progress: Ours and the World's HUANG Yongming
Suggestion
10  Promoting in the Legal Norms the  Foreign Exchanges and Cooperation in Science and Technology, and More QI Xuefeng, ZHU Ning, JIN Lei
Special to S&T Review
21  Construction of an Effective Mechanism for Releasing the Latest Research Results to the Public: Review of CAST News Briefing for Academic Journals and Mass Media SU Qing, GAO Jian, HUANG Yongming, et al.
Articles
26  Integrated Guidance and Control of Nonlinear Missile Based on Adaptive Backstepping Design TANG Zhili, LEI Humin, SHAO Lei Abstract: This paper presents an adaptive integrated guidance and control approach for nonlinear missile, using backstepping control based RBF neural network and combined with sliding mode control. Frist, the dynamic of guidance and control system is transformed into a strict-feedback. After that, an on-line neural network based backstepping control is used to provide robustness with respect to parametric uncertainties in the missile aerodynamics, and through introduction of the sliding mode term, it can make the tracking error approach to zero. Simulation results demonstrate that the designed control system enjoys good performance and robustness. Keywords:  navigation, guidance and control; adaptive backstepping control; sliding mode control; integrated design for guidance and control
30  A New NLPID Controller Based on Anti-windup Compensator and its Application to Winged Missile Control LI Congying, ZHOU Shaolei, LUAN Ritao, et al. Abstract: Nonlinear tracking-differentiator and nonlinear combination were used to improve classical PID controller reported in order to ephance its adaptability and robustness. However, in winged missile control system, hard constraints and soft constraints were hard to avoid and hurtful to the control system. An anti-windup compensator was used to improve the nonlinear PID controller (NLPID) and the improved NLPID controller was applied towinged missile control system. The use of nonlinear PID controller releases us from complicated work of making gain scheduling table. Characteristic point simulation and full trajectory simulation show validity of the anti-windup NLPID controller. Keywords:  missile  control   system;  anti-windup  compensator; nonlinear tracking-differentiator;  nonlinear PID control
34  Performance of L-band UWB-MAV TTC Link HE Yi, WANG Yongsheng Abstract: In this paper, an L-band Ultra-wideband(UWB) TTC link for the Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) is proposed. The structure of UWB-MAV TTC link system and the multipath channel model for wideband aeronautical communication are presented, considering the Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) modulation in the low-data single carrier-based impulse radio system. Taking into account the multipath and Doppler effects on the wideband DSSS signal, a lag Rake receiver capable of leveraging the diversity resulting from mobility is studied. The results show that a reliable UWB TTC link for MAVs can be established by compromising between range and performance of transmission. Keywords:  micro air vehicle; ultra-wideband;  aeronautical channel; TTC link
38  Simulation and Analysis of Single-DOF MRF Damper Control Suspension Model Based on Two Control Algorithms WANG Hongtao, ZHANG Jinqiu, FENG Zhanzong, et al. Abstract: Single-DOF dynamic model of tracked-vehicle is established with road acceleration actuators as excitation and without considering the non-suspend molar.  The state-space representation and vibration differential representation of the suspension system are derived by selecting state variables. According to the modern control theory, the dynamic model is computed, respectively, with the following control algorithms: sliding mode and pole assignment control algorithms. The effects of vibration control are compared and analyzed against passive control under three different sample frequencies. The result shows that the relative displacement and relative velocity and acceleration of the track vehicle are reduced greatly under the two control algorithms. The sliding mode control algorithm enjoys a better control effect than the pole assignment algorithm. In fact, sliding mode control algorithm finds wider applications than pole assignment one because it can be used not only for linear problems but also for nonlinear problems. The optimal sample frequency is determined. The above work lays a foundation for debugging of the control algorithms on the test bench. Keywords:  weapon equipment system and application engineering;  sliding mode control; magneto-rheological; pole assignment control
43  Consequence Analysis for Explosion of Blowout Based on Multi-energy Model and Probit Equation ZHENG Yuanpan, ZHANG Ying'an, FENG Changgen, et al. Abstract: For risk analysis of Vapor Cloud Explosion (VCE) accident caused by blowout of natural gas well, the TNT equivalence model suffers from some shortcomings, such as, that it can be used to determine only overpressure but not impulse, while the overpressure is usually too high as near VCE or too low as far away from VCE center. Multi-energy model based on the concept of congestion space is much closer to practical scenario of VCE than TNT equivalence model based on point-source explosion. Besides, both overpressure and duration time of positive phase overpressure can be obtained by using multi-energy model. Likewise, not only overpressure but also impulse can be considered in the probit equation model; meanwhile, an interfaces to convert overpressure and impulse to percentage injured according to a certain criterion is provided by the probit equation model. So, the combination of multi-energy model with probit equation model would make risk analysis much more precise and convenient. In applications, one should firstly specify injury standards then convert it to overpressure and impulse using the probit equation and finally obtain the safety distance using the multi-energy model. Results of a case study show that under the same injury standards, the safety distance given by models based on the multi-energy model and the probit equation model is more reasonable than that provided by TNT equivalence model. Keywords:  multi-energy model; probit equation; blowout; vapor cloud explosion; onsequence analysis
48  Streamer Corona Plasmas and the Chemical Effects on NO Removal HU Xiaotu, JIANG Xuedong, YAN Keping, et al. Abstract: This paper presents experimental studies on the discharge modes with AC/DC and DC power sources and different electrode configurations. Uniform and stable streamer coronas can be generated by using a multi-channel saw-tooth wire-plate reactor. Through experiments in NO abatement it is demonstrated that AC/DC streamer plasmas exhibit very strong chemical effects. The energy cost for NO oxidation in air is about 30 eV/NO. Keywords:  streamer corona; non-thermal plasma; AC/DC power source; denitrification
52  Study on Numerical Simulation of the Airflow Pressure Drop for Automotive Fin-tube Radiator with Various Structural Parameters YUAN Zhiqun, GU Zhengqi, HE Yibin, et al. Abstract: A model is built for the fin-tube radiator as is commonly used for car. The airflow characteristics of the fin-tube radiator are numerically simulated under different air mass velocities. The influences of several combinations of fin's geometry parameters on the airflow characteristics are studied. The average relative error of the numerical simulations as compared with the test results is 4.98%. The results can provide a reference for radiator design and improvement. Keywords:  radiator; airflow characteristics; numerical simulation; structural parameters
57  Thrust of the Shield Machine in the Intelligence-aided Construction System ZHOU Qicai, FENG Shuangchang, LI Jun, et al. Abstract: Based on the resistance and the geological conditions during drilling, a mechanical model of the shield machine is set up, and the theoretical formula is obtained for the divisional thrust and the general thrust of the jack.  The theoretical formula is validated by comparing the computed values to the measured ones.  The geological type and relative parameters can be obtained by the shield machine frontal detection system, and the pressure ratios of different divisions with various machine running models can be found out based on the in-situ  construction data.  The shield machine intelligence-aided construction system is designed based on the aforementioned factors, and it provides the driver a reference for magnitude of the thrust and distribution of the pressure to make sure that the shield machine is drilling along the predefined central axis of the tunnel to improve the construction quality. Keywords:  shield machine; mechanical model; geological situation; running model; intelligence-aid construction system
61  Quantitative Classification and Evaluation of Low Permeability Reservoir, with Chang 3 and Chang 4+5 of Triassic Formation in Baibao Oil Field as Examples ZHANG Weidong, LI Xiaofeng, JIA Guolong Abstract: The quantitative classification and evaluation of low permeability reservoir are studied with Chang 3 and Chang 4+5 of triassic formation in Baibao oil field as examples. Based on the study on key wells and the rational choice of classification parameters, the function of reservoir quantitative classification and evaluation is established by combining Q-model cluster analysis with Bayes discrimination. This discrimination function is used in quantitative classification and evaluation of interested interval of non-coring wels in the study area. The vertical and horizontal distribution characteristics of reservoir are also studied, and the pay reservoir area is confirmed. The results show that the application of the quantitative classification and evaluation is practical and with wide coverage. Keywords:  Baibao oil field; reservoir quantity classification and evaluation; Q-model cluster analysis; Bayes discrimination
66  Numerical Experiment and Mechanism Analysis on the Effect of Zhejiang Orography on Typhoon Khanun ZHANG Jianhai, YU Zhongkai, PANG Shenglong Abstract: The landfall process of typhoon Khanun which affected East China seriously is simulated by using MM5 model and the track and the precipitation of the typhoon are successfully reproduced, then through sensitive tests, the effect of Zhejiang orography and the mechanism are analyzed. Results show that the orography has little effect on the track of typhoon, which may be due to the height of orography and strong steering flow. As regards to rainfall,it increases significantly on the windward side while deceases on the lee side. The circulation of typhoon Khanun on middle-north coastal of Zhejiang Province is enhanced significantly to form a rainstorm center due to the mesoscale turbulences initiated by orographic forcing, which is in the same phase as the local circulation of typhoon. Keywords:  Typhoon Khanun; orography effect; numerical experiments; mechanism analysis
73  Effects of Bagging and Fruit-expander on Ca, Pectin Content and the Quality of Huangguan Pear Fruits GUAN Junfeng, MA Wenhui, JI Hua, et al. Abstract: Bagging and fruit-expander are used as a common technique in the "Huangguan" pear fruit production，which often influence fruit quality and induce superficial browning spot. In order to investigate the regulation mechanism of bagging and fruit-expander, young "Huangguan" pear fruits were bagged outside with grey paper bags and inside with dark paper bags and then fruit pedicels were smeared with fruit-expander during the early development   stage.  The results show that bagging and fruit-expander increase significantly weight per fruit, induce significantly superficial browning spot of fruits stored at cool temperature (0℃), but bagging has no obvious influence on Soluble Solid Content (SSC), firmness, Titration Acid(TA) and soluble sugar content, except for a higher starch content of fruit. On the other hand, the fruit-expander could decrease firmness, TA and starch content, increase TSS/TA, accelerate fruit maturation. Bagging also decreases markedly fruit Ca content, particularly in peel of fruit, and also reduces the content of Cell Wall Substance (CWS), soluble- and proto-pectin of fruit peel, which might be stimulated by fruit-expander. Meanwhile, bagging enhances the content of CWS, soluble- and proto-pectin of flesh, while the fruit-expander decreases the content of CWS and proto-pectin, but increases soluble pectin of the fruit flesh. In summary, it is shown that bagging and fruit-expander mainly decease the content of Ca, and cell wall substance and the pectin content in peel of "Huangguan" pear fruits, which may be a part of mechanism of superficial browning spot incidence induced by bagging and fruit-expander. Keywords:  "Huangguan" pear;  bagging;  fruit-expander;  Ca; browning spot
77  Experiment on Wastes of Salt Mine To Be Used as Waterproof Materials GUO Baosheng Abstract: For a rational utilization of mining waste in salt mines, a new formula of waterproof material using the waste of the salt mines is developed. The optimal formula for the waterproof material involves CM201 elastic waterproof acrylic emulsion, fluororesin, TC-WT phthalates coupling agent and processed waste of salt mine. The results show that the tensile strength of the waterproof material is 1.98 MPa; the impermeability of the waterproof material is 0.3 MPa; the cohesiveness of the waterproof material ≥0.3 MPa. Keywords:  wastes of salt mine; waterproof material; phthalates coupling agent
79  Some Special Collaboration Properties of Four Real World Collaboration-competition Networks LIU Shuijing, QIAN Xia, FENG Yachao, et al. Abstract: An empirical study was carried out on 9 real world collaboration networks and 25 real world cooperation-competition networks. Among the systems, all 9 real world collaboration networks and 6 real world cooperation-competition networks show a unimodal act-size distribution and the so-called "shifted power law" distribution for degree and act-degree. The other 14 real world cooperation-competition networks show different features. The act-size distributions are not unimodal; instead, they follow qualitatively the same shifted power law as the degree and act-degree distributions. This article presents the properties (in more details) of four systems (main land movie film network, Beijing restaurant network, 2004 Olympic network, and Tao-Bao notebook computer sale network) as examples, and explains two different kinds of rules by a collaboration network evolution model proposed by this paper. Keywords:  collaboration networks;  cooperation-competition networks; statistical properties;  empirically investigation
Reviews
85  Review and Recently Progress of Design Flood Work in China WANG Guoan
90  Developments and Applications of Polarimetric SAR Interferometry Techniques ZHOU Mei, WANG Xinhong, TANG Lingli, et al.
94  Integration Methodology for China Digital Science and Technology Museum ZHAO Shan, WANG Ruobing, LI Shuangbin
99  Notes on Reviews in Chinese Science Abstracts
Science Reports
102  Ecological Civilization: The Challenges and the Opportunities BIAN Zhengfu, XU Jian, CHEN Baiming, et al.
Commentary
104  Initiating in the Jungle of Superstition and Witchcraft: On the Origin of Science GUAN Zengjian
105  Young Scientists Should Take First Brave Step to Apply for National Research Grants YU Jie, WU Yishan
106  The Origin of Morality in Sociobiology CHEN Rongxia
107  Books Appraisal
Editor-in-chief's Thoughts
109  How Do Young Scientists Achieve Success: When You Just Become a Member of the Research Group FENG Changgen
To the Workplace
112  The Constraint Policies in Graduate Employment CHENG Jiwei
113  Career
117  Global Jobs
Special Columns
8  Cover Story: Monsoons Recorded in a Stalagmite and the Relation to Rise and Fall of Dynasties HUANG Yongming
8  Sci-Tech News Ranking for the Second Half of September
11  Voice of Scientific Community
12  Half-month News Briefs
14  International Journal Highlights
15  Domestic Journal Highlights
16  Scientific Community Briefs
18  Guidance for Contributors to S&T Review
100  Digest of Chinese Newspapers and Journals
101  Events
108  Readers' Letters TANG Shenxiang, ZHAO Yunxian, YIN Junting, et al.
110  Entertainments