Science & Technology Review CONTENTS	Vol.27  No.5  2009 (Sum No. 275)
	This issue published on 13. Mar., 2009
Forward
3  Let Nanotechnology Spur a New Economical Surge in China BAI Chunli
News Round
9　Stage Progress Accumulates Power for Scientific Achievements LI Na
Suggestion
10 Constructing a Multifunctional and Diversity of Ecosystem Under the Guidance of Ecological Science CHEN Jiquan, LUO Yiqi, YE Qian, et al.
Articles
19  Association between ACE, eNOS, FVII and ICAM-1 Gene Polymorphism and Coronary Heart Disease with Abnormal Humour Syndrome in Uighur Medicine YUSUP Abdiryim, ABLA Ayimgul, UPUR Halmurat, et al. Abstract：This paper studies the gene polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene, nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene，coagulation factor VII (FVII) gene and intercellular cell adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) of abnormal humour syndrome patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The four types of gene related to CHD were prepared by polymerized chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 92 cases of CHD patients and 30 healthy subjects. Test results show no significant difference in the genotype distribution and the allele frequencies of ACE gene, FVII gene, ICAM-1 gene in various types of abnormal humour syndrome patients with CHD as compared to those of healthy subjects (p>0.05). There are significant differences in the genotype distribution and the allele frequencies of eNOS gene in three types of abnormal humour syndrome patients with CHD (abnormal Sapra syndrome patients, abnormal Savda syndrome patients, abnormal Khan syndrome patients) as compared to those of healthy subjects(p<0.05). However there are no significant difference in the genotype distribution and the allele frequencies of eNOS gene in abnormal Balgham syndrome patients as compared to those of healthy subjects (p>0.05).  It is concluded  that  the genotype distribution and the allele frequencies of ACE gene, FVII gene, ICAM-1 gene are not correlated with various types of abnormal humour syndrome patients with CHD. But the genotype distribution and the allele frequencies of eNOS gene are closely correlated with three types of abnormal humour syndrome patients with CHD (abnormal Sapra syndrome patients, abnormal Savda syndrome patients, abnormal Khan syndrome patients). The genotype distribution and the allele frequencies of eNOS gene are not correlated with abnormal Balgham syndrome patients with CHD. Keywords:  traditional Uighur medicine; coronary heart disease; ACE gene; eNOS gene; FVII gene; ICAM-1 gene
28  Energy Balance Equation at Perigee and Apogee of Satellite Orbit LUAN Enjie Abstract：An Earth satellite in orbit is in the Earth gravity field. The total energy of the satellite is conservative when the resistance loss is not considered. So, an energy balance equation for satellite in orbit can be obtained, and be used in calculating the perigee and apogee parameters of CE-1 satellite. The results show that the method is effective. Meanwhile, it can also be used in estimating the launch abilities of LM-3A rocket to launch the CE-1 satellite, and checking the amount of propellant for CE-1 satellite. Keywords:  satellite; perigee; apogee; energy; balance
33  Comparison of Image Fusion Algorithms for IKONOS High Spatial Resolution Satellite Image HE Haipeng, HE Guojin Abstract：The commercialization of high resolution satellite imaging technology ushers the application of remote sensing into a new era. The data fusion for high resolution data becomes an important research area. In this paper, with the IKONOS high spatial resolution satellite image of Guiyang city acquired on October 23rd 2002 as the experimental data, some image fusion algorithms as commonly used in the image fusion experiment were applied; analysis for the experimental results were made on the basis of three remote sensing image processing softwares: ENVI 4.3、PCI 9.0、ERDAS 9.1. It is shown that PCA image fusion algorithm of the ERDAS 9.1 is the best choice for IKONOS high spatial resolution satellite image. Keywords:  high spatial resolution satellite image; quality evaluation for image fusion; IKONOS
38  Optimization of Sampling Methods Based on SPWM ZHOU Yunshan, GONG Huijun, ZHANG Jun, et al. Abstract：This paper discusses the control principle of SPWM and some sampling methods widely used at present, and makes a comparative analysis on these sampling methods. A more accurate sampling method based on optimized asymmetrical rules is proposed, using pro-rata calculation and with the pulse width closer to the natural sampling than traditional methods of sampling. Based on this method of sampling, dsPIC30F3011 is used to control the ACIM of three phases in the validation test. The experimental results show that the sampling method used to control motor operation enjoys good reliability and good anti-interference ability, and the motor is functioning more smoothly. Keywords:  variable velocity variable frequency; sinusoidal pulse width modulation; optimized asymmetrical rules method of sampling
43  Modeling and Adaptive Sliding Mode Control of Varying Centroid Spinning Warhead ZHAO Hongchao, WANG Ting, FAN Shaoli Abstract：The varying centroid control system is studied in this paper for the terminal maneuvering of a spinning warhead. To obtain the relation between motion parameters of a spinning warhead and those of a mass, the Newton dynamics method is applied to construct an attitude motion model of the spinning warhead. The model includes the moving equation of the mass, the kinematic equation and the dynamic equation of the attitude motion. The dynamical behaviors of pitch channel and yaw channel are nonlinear and coupled. The adaptive sliding mode control method is adopted for the varying centroid control system, which estimates and compensates the uncertain term of the system, and ensures that the system tracking error converges to zero. The varying centroid control system can exactly control the attitude motion of the spinning warhead by controlling the displacement of the mass. To test the performance of the designed varying centroid control system, the MATLAB/Simulink used to construct the system simulation model and carry out the simulation. Simulation results show that the designed varying centroid control system enjoys high speed and high control precision and can achieve an exact control of the spinning warhead's attitude angles. Keywords:  spinning warhead; varying centroid control; attitude motion; adaptive sliding mode control
47  Mechanical Analysis of Support Mechanism of Shed-Pipe Grouting Technology for Tunneling Construction in Shallow-Buried Soft Stratum ZHOU Zhiyong, CHEN Jianhong, ZHAO Jianping Abstract: According to the principle of soil-foundation interaction, an interaction model is built based on the double-parameter model between the pipe roof structure and the surrounding rock. The deformation, the rotating angle, the bending moment and the foundation support  are derived from the model. The strength of pipe roof system is analyzed with the tunnel being excavated, especially during the stress release stage of the tunnel. From the model, the key parameters, such as the deformation curve, the contact pressure of the foundation, are obtained. Finally, some useful conclusions are reached by comparing the parameters obtained from the calculation of the above mentioned model with monitoring results. Keywords:  tunneling engineering; shallow-buried excavation; pipe roof; double-parameter model; support mechanism
52  Theoretical Study on Shock Waves in Wire Explosion Spraying DU Xinwu, SONG Qiuzhi, WANG Jianzhong Abstract: The wire explosion spraying is a new surface engineering technology in the   wear-resistance or anti-corrosion coating preparation of in-hole parts. The spraying coating enjoys smooth surface, low porosity, high bonding strength and other good features. The shock waves in wire explosion spraying greatly influence molten drop's velocity, enthalpy, deposition process and coating's composition, as well as the spraying effect. This paper carries out a theoretical study on shock waves in wire explosion spraying in air. A model of shock waves is build and influencing factors of shock waves on wire explosion spraying process are analyzed with spraying current exceeding 107 A/mm2. Based on this model and through dimensional analysis, the shock waves propagation law is deduced. The empirical formulas for linear density of energy deposition and for wavefront's displacement, pressure, propagation velocity, material velocity behind shock waves are obtained. The results show that if the linear density of energy deposition increases, the shock waves' pressure, propagation velocity and material velocity behind shock waves will also increase. An appropriate spraying distance from wire to substrate surface is important, which has great influence on the spraying effect. These results provide some guidance to the wire explosion spraying process. Keywords:  wire exploding spraying; shockwaves; dimensional analysis
56  Numerical Simulation of Gas Flow Distribution in ETB DANG Xiaoqing, MA E, HU Hongsheng, et al. Abstract: This paper numerically studies the internal air distribution in the ETB of sintering machine tail  with a reasonable simplification of plate and filter bag structures of the ETB and with the use of CFD software. According to the simulation results, the structural parameters of air distribution devices as well as the ash bucket wind board layout form are adjusted, to ensure a smooth and gentle air flow through the precipitator, reduce the air flow resistance of the precipitator box, and allow about the same volume of air from different bags. Finally an optimization of air distribution program is given for a reasonable layout design. Keywords:  ETB; gas flow distribution; numerical simulation
61  Experimental Study on the Influence of Alternating Electric Field Frequency on Micro-particle Coagulation LIU Dong, BAI Mindong, WANG Yongwei, et al. Abstract: Under high velocity gas flow, the momentum of gas particles in an electric field can increase the transport term and help the concentration of plasma. So the particles may be agglomerated in the electric field. Experiments were carried out to study the effect of field frequency on micro-particle coagulation in high-flow-speed electric field. The results show that when the top value of coagulation field intensity is 590 V/cm and the frequency is 80~100 Hz, the number of particles of size ranging from 0.3 to 0.5 μm will decrease by about 25％ while particles of size greater than 1 μm will increase by 35％, which indicates that the best coagulation frequency is 80~100 Hz. These results are obtained without changing electrostatic precipitator's parameters and and its volume, so can be applied to solve the problem of low efficiency for the renoval of micro-particles. Keywords:  coagulation electric field; charging; the number of particles; electrostatic precipitator
65  Horizontal Water Flooding in Carbonate Reservoir Development LIU Pengfei, JIANG Hanqiao, WANG Changjiang, et al. Abstract: Daleel field in Oman is a low permeability carbonate reservoir. After the depletion development, they apply horizontal water flooding technology for the oilfield redevelopment. As a highly effective exploiting technology, the horizontal water flooding technology may greatly improve the low permeable oilfield. Despite of the advantages of  horizontal water flooding over vertical water flooding, this technique has to be further improved. Pilot injection tests show that it can increase the rate of injection, reduce the gas/oil ratio, the injection pressure and increase the influx while working with horizontal oil producers. The accurate geological guiding technology ensures the horizontal drilling, with high success rate. Oman neighboring oilfields have accumulated useful experience on developing wells of bare hole and branch hole and horizontal water flooding. They adopt the bare hole method to complete wells. Considering to the lift level for oilfield gas, it would be better to use electric pumps to extract oil after water injection. Large scale applications of horizontal water flooding with related measures have produced good results in Daleel field in Oman. Keywords:  horizontal waterflooding; pilot test; scale application; well effect
70  Development and Applications of Laser Velocity Measuring System for Hypervelocity Particle LI Xiaoyin, HAN Jianwei, HUANG Jianguo, et al. Abstract: Simulation of hypervelocity impact experiment on ground is an economical and effective method to investigate small space debris impact effect, with plasma accelerator as the main simulation equipment for testing small space debris on ground. The development and applications of plasma drag small particle acceleration laser velocity measurement system for hypervelocity small particle are presented in this paper. Laser is used to form a light sheet on the flight path of particles and photoelectric cell is used to detect scattering light of the laser sheet when particles pass through the laser sheet, in this way the time that the particles arriving at the laser sheet is detected and the flight of time method can be used to measure the particle velocity. In the laser velocity measurement system a high sensitivity fast response photomultiplier tube with single up-response time less than 10 ns and electron spread time less than 20 ns is used, and it is shown that the response time of the laser velocity measurement system is about 70 ns, which is less than the time taking by the particle with velocity of 15 km/s passing through the 3~5 mm thick laser sheet, showing that this system has a very high sensitivity and a fast response to meet with the requirement of the threshold time (about 0.1 ?滋s) for hypervelocity particle (8~20 km/s) passing through 3~5 mm laser sheet. The laser velocity measurement system has been used in the plasma accelerator for small particles experiment and the system can effectively measure the group velocity of high speed particles with velocity greater than 15 km/s. In the hypervelocity impact experiment carried out on the plasma accelerator, the laser velocity measurement system can measure online velocity without damage. Keywords:  hypervelocity; small debris; laser; scatter; velocity measurement
75  Ecological Control of Land Rocky Desertification and Vegetation Recovery in Karst Region of Yunnan Province GU Yong, CHEN Fang, LI Kun, et al. Abstract: Yunnan province is located in the centre of rocky desertification area and is the one of provinces with wide Karst regions in China. The rocky desertification area takes up 110 875.7 km2, 28.14% of the total area of Yunnan province. Among 129 counties in Yunnan, 118 suffer rocky desertification. The population pressure, the dwindled cultivated area and the desetification, pose serious problems. In this paper, the concepts, characteristics, causes of rocky desertification in Yunnan are analyzed. For different climate conditions, terra, vegetation and community conditions, this paper proposes the idea of ecological control of land rocky desertification. In different stages, different species of trees are selected to recover the vegetation, taking account of natural environment preservation, sightseeing, firewood and medicine. The ecological construction, the area development, and the building of new countrysides will be combined, to establish a soil security system with the forest vegetation as the first priority. Keywords:  rocky desertification; ecological administer; Yunnan province
Reviews
81  Recent Progress of Atmospheric-Pressure Glow Discharges with Bare-Metallic Electrodes LI Heping, LI Guo, WANG Sen, et al.
87  Green House Gas Emission Reduction and Materials for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx in China SI Zhichun, WENG Duan, WU Xiaodong, et al.
96  3D Geological Modelling and Visualization LIU Yanhua, WU Xiangbin, YE Guohua
102  Notes on Reviews in Chinese Science Abstracts
98　Progress of Researches on Anti-inflammatory, Anti-allergic, Anti-oxidant Activity of Labiates Plants HOU Min, MA Xiumin, DING Jianbing
102　Notes on Reviews in Chinese Science Abstracts
Focus
104  Expectation of Materials Anticorrosion in China Nuclear Energy Development
Commentaries
106      Bohr and Copenhagen Spirit LU Zengjian
107  What can We Learn from Germany? ——"Special Road" of Germany Energy Policy and Its Enlightenment to China ZHU Chong kai
108  A Review of "To Probe Physics with Care and Reason——History of Science and Technology Written by Dai Nianzu" WANG Hongpeng
109　Books Appraisal
Editor-in-Chief's Thoughts
111  How Do Young Scientists Achieve Success (9): The Sense of Working with Others FENG Changgen
To the Workplace
112  Some Attentive Details for Filling in the National Natural Science Funds Application SHI Huanzhong
113  Life is Wonderful Because of Experience LI Hu
114　Career
119　Global Jobs
Special Column
8  Cover Story: The end of Chang'e-1 Lunar Probe's Mission LI Na
8  Sci-Tech News Ranking for the Second Half of February
11　Voice of Scientific Community
12　Half-month News Briefs
14　International Journal Highlights
15　Domestic Journal Highlights
16　Scientific Community Briefs
18　Events
103　Digest of Chinese Newspapers and Journals
110　Readers' Voices MA Yuhong, LI Xiangrong, ZHOU Chunhua
111　Introduction to Scientific Community
124　Guidance for Contributors to S&T Review
125　Intellectual Games