Science & Technology Review CONTENTS	Vol.27  No.6  2009 (Sum No. 276)
	This issue published on 28. Mar., 2009
Forward
3  Triangular Framework and "4+1" Methodology for Public Security Science and Technology FAN Weicheng, LIU Yi, WENG Wenguo
News Round
9  When "Classics" Facing the Challenges LI Na
Suggestion
10  Suggestions of Energetically Promoting Seawater Utilization and Solving Water Shortage in Bohai Sea Area of China JIA Shaofeng
Special to S&T Review
19  Distributions of Authors' Affiliations and Research Fields in Chinese Science Abstracts in 2008 LIU Yuanmin, ZHANG Baoqing, TANG Zhen
Articles
24  A Kind of New Micro-magnetic-field Detecting System Based on GMI Effect of Amorphous Wire DENG Jiahao Abstract：The purpose of this study was to improve the detecting sensitivity and anti-interference of navigation and guidance systems, and make them independent of GPS and Galileo Positioning System. Based on the concepts of the amorphous wire properties and Giant Magneto-Impedance (GMI) effect and the present research status at home and abroad, a kind of new micro-magnetic-field detecting system, which is based on amorphous wire's GMI effect, was proposed. A few of key techniques on micro-magnetic detection in navigation and guidance systems were discussed, and some relational technical measures were analyzed, including fundamental theory about amorphous wire micro-magnetic detector, amorphous wire magnetic hysteresis characteristic and suppression/compensation techniques, high-sensitivity detecting methods, target detection & recognition, suitability in trajectory/orbit, etc. Finally, the application development of the detecting system was prospected. Keywords:  amorphous wire; GMI effect; micro-magnetic detection; navigation, guidance and fuze; detecting system
29  Selection of Superheated Steam Flooding in Kenkiyak Heavy-oil Reservoirs XU Anzhu, WU Xianghong, FAN Zifei, et al. Abstract：Kenkiyak oil Field features high-viscosity oil, strong heterogeneity, shallow burial depth, high permeability and porosity, and huge edge water. After 40 years' depletion development, the seriously heterogeneous nature and water invasion make the water-cut of oil wells as high as 76%. Furthermore, high oil viscosity and low flow ability result in low production and rapid declining of primary development. Therefore, the recovery factor of the reservoir is very low. The production is in an inefficient state for long time. In tackling this problem, the current development method has to be modified to become more efficient. Through physical and numerical simulations on hot water flooding, polymer driving, saturated steam driving, and superheat steam driving, it is indicated that 300℃ superheated steam flooding can greatly enhance the oil recovery, which may reach 47.46 percent on the Middle Jurassic reservoir. Therefore, the superheated steam injection is most suitable for the development of the reservoir. Keywords:  ordinary heavy oil; superheat steam drive; saturated steam drive; hot water flooding; polymer flooding
34  Finite Element Simulation and Analysis of Residue Strength and Residue Life for Corroded Pipelines LIU Moshan Abstract：Corrosion is an important negative factor in the safe operations of oil or gas pipelines. The residue strength and expected residue life are useful parameters for the operation and maintainance of corroded pipelines. In this paper, the corrosion evolution of a practical oil pipeline is studied by the finite element software ANSYS. The simulated results give the residue strength in a certain forthcoming time, which is used to determine the residue life of the corroded pipeline according to a given failure criteria. So the reliability of the pipeline can be evaluated, and the maintenance countermeasures can be established. Keywords:  corroded pipeline; finite element simulation; remaining strength; remaining life; corrosion
38  Experimental Study on Hydrodynamic Cavitation and Ozone in Degrading Oilfield Wastewater ZHAI Lei, DONG Shouping, FENG Gaopo, et al. Abstract：In the late stage of oilfield development, the wastewater has a complicated composition, which renders conventional water treatment methods unsatisfactory. To solve this problem, a method of using  jointly hydrodynamic cavitation and ozone in degrading oilfield wastewater is proposed in this paper. A wastewater treatment system using hydrodynamic cavitation was built with the structure of a multi-hole orifice based on the theory of ozone oxidation and cavitation effect, and tests were made on oilfield wastewater from a working site. The Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) of oilfield wastewater with treatment of hydrodynamic cavitation combined with ozone was determined. The effects of using hydrodynamic cavitation and ozone oxidization separately or combined in reducing the COD of oilfield wastewater were analyzed and compared. The experimental results show that the effects are better by using hydrodynamic cavitation combined with ozone than by using just one of them. The effects are the best when the orifice inlet pressure is about 0.2 MPa and when the air intake is about 70 L an hour. It is also shown that there are mutual enhancing effects between hydrodynamic cavitation and ozone in the process of degrading oilfield wastewater. The orifice device has a certain role in decreasing COD of oilfield wastewater, but with a ratio not very high. This investigation provides some guidance for analyzing the feasibility of using hydrodynamic cavitation as a supplemental treatment technology for oilfield wastewater. Keywords:  cavitation; ozone; combination; degradation; wastewater
43  Application of AVO Technique in Gas Reserve Prediction GU Junfeng, JIN Zhenkui Abstract：Based on the theory of elasticity and the information of the amplitude variation with offset in the seismic reflection, AVOs (Amplitude Versus Offset) can be used to detect the gas and oil reservoirs. This paper analyzes the process of AVO's inversion techniques, where the optimized Xu-White model is used to predict the S-wave without observed S-wave data, the technique of blue filtering is used in the process of expanding frequency range before the inversion, and the method of synchronous inversion is used in the pre-stack inversion, at the same time in obtaining the inversion about P-wave's impedance, S-wave's impedance and the density, and as the results, extracting various elastic parameters, for forecasting the lithology and fluid content in reservoir pores, combined with the regional geology and log standard. The application of this technique in some zone in east China proves that the relative error of the thickness of the gas formation is less than 4 percent as compared with the logging interpretation result. The accuracy of predicting is dependable Keywords:  AVO technique; optimized Xu-White model; blue filtering; synchronous inversion; gas reservoir predicting
48  Experimental Study on CO2 Storage in Water-flooded Oil Field and EOR FAN Xiliang, LIAO Xinwei, ZHANG Zubo Abstract: Water-flooding is used in most oil fields in the world. The CO2-injection to the water-flooded oil fields will not only reduce the CO2 emission, but also enhance the oil recovery. Through the core displacement experiment, this paper analyzes the CO2 displacement characteristics in water-flooded reservoir under different formation pressures and calculates the CO2 storage capacity. The results show that the CO2 injection can enhance the oil recovery by about 15%, with higher formation pressure. It is concluded that the water-flooded reservoir is an ideal place for the CO2 storage. Keywords:  CO2 storage; water-flooded oil fields; formation pressure; displacement efficiency
51  New Optimization Design Techniques of the Mining Schemes for Underground Metal Mine and Its Application JIA Mingtao, LU Fang, PAN Changliang Abstract: It is shown that the traditional optimization methods for the mining schemes of underground metal mine are not very accurate and fall short of the modern mining requirements. This paper proposes a new ideal optimization method, that is comprehensive, quantitative, and takes account of the whole implementation process. The resources and mining environment modeling and the mining process simulation are the key elements of this method. With this new method, not only the optimal scheme is obtained, but also the predicted implementation results, and consequently, the engineering measures could be taken ahead of schedule to avoid the occurrence of serious accidents, with foresight and initiative. With Dongguashan Copper Mine taken as an example, the software system is discussed in detail, and some simulations are carried out, according to the simulation, the optimal mining sequences and the final backfilling system construction are obtained. Keywords:  optimizing design technique; mining schemes; underground metal mine
57  Adaption of MiniGUI Based on S3C2410 Development Platform ZHANG Jingang, LIU Bo, JIANG Xiujie, et al. Abstract: In the adaption of MiniGUI in the S3C2410 processor based embedded system, this paper proposes some methods to realize the display in Chinese characters, the support of JPEG image formats, and the support of touch pad and small keyboard. For that purpose, the MiniGUI's Portable Layer's source codes are modified, the Chinese characters libraries and JPEG libraries are added. This compatible MiniGUI system can be applied to industrial control systems, communications terminals and other embedded instrumentation. Keywords:  MiniGUI; cross compile; replant
61  A Model for Geotechnical Engineering Monitoring Based on BP Neural Networks HUANG Yongheng, CAO Ping, WANG Yixian Abstract: The BP neural network features self-adaptability, knowledge classification and pattern identification as well as association of ideas and memories. The evaluation of geotechnical engineering disaster can be regarded as a problem of pattern identification. In the fields like mining industry, architecture engineering, water conservancy, it is important to monitor geotechnical deformations for safety estimations, which sees a great development in recent years, especially in aspects of real-time, long-distance and non-contact. This paper applies BP artificial neural networks to implement the prediction based on the monitoring data. The predicted results are analyzed, to explain the influence of the number of implying layers on error involved and an optimum combination can thus be chosen. Keywords:  BP neural network; monitoring; model; regression analysis
65  Implantable Electromagnetic Induction Power Generation Based on Human Kinetic Energy Method WEI Xiaojuan, LIU Jing, ZHOU Yixin Abstract: The rapid advancement of the latest medical technology witnesses an increasing adoption of Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs) for various diagnostic or therapeutical purposes. A critical issue encountered is to find out a long term, stable and efficient way to supply electrical power for these devices. In this paper, the human kinetic energy is evaluated and an implantable electromagnetic power generation device is proposed, using the energy from the movement of human body to generate electricity for powering IMDs. Through model analysis, simulation test, and in vivo experiments, it is demonstrated that the device could produce sufficient electricity from the kinetic energy of human body. Various important factors such as the dynamic electromagnetic intensity inside the electricity generator, the movement scope and the implantation position that affect the output of electricity generation are evaluated. Problems of miniturization of the electrical generator are also discussed. This study aims to provide some guidance for developing future implantable medical micro devices with permanent recharging capability. Keywords:  implantable medical device; micro power source; electromagnetic conversion; human energy harvesting; micro/nano medicine
72  Microbial Ecology for the Wastewater Ecological Processing System YANG Yunan, WANG Mei, LIU Shirui, et al. Abstract: This paper studies the microbial ecology for the wastewater ecological processing system developed by Shijiazhuang Institute of Mechanical Infantry using the dilution and the most probable number methodology. It is indicated that the bacteria and viable fungi in the water samples reach 107 CFU/L as the highest concentration, while in the soil samples they reach the highest concentration of 108 CFU/L. From influent of the bio-filter to effluent of the constructed wetland, the concentration of protozoan increases firstly and then decreases but with the number of species increasing. The concentration of bacteria, viable fungi and actinomycetes decrease in turns. Also, the concentration of the system's microorganism changes with season. The concentration of viable fungi and actinomycetes in September reaches 8.0×107 CFU/L and 9.6×105 CFU/L with a low CODCr removal rate because of the lower influent CODCr concentration. It is indicated in the correlation between the microorganism concentration of the soil and CODCr removal rate of the wastewater that the CODCr removal effect of the wastewater depends on the bacteria and viable fungi in the surface soil, of which the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.69 and 0.84, the concentration of the bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the wetland changes lightly with season. The nitrifying bacteria in soil samples show a positive correlation with the temperature, while the denitrifying bacteria show a negative one. Keywords:  wastewater ecological processing system microbial ecology; plate count; liguid dilution method
78  Climatic Zoning Indexes and the Viticultural Climatic Zoning in Shaanxi Province LI Hua, Meng Jun Abstract: Based on the climate data of 95 meteorological stations in Shaanxi province in the past 20 years, the zoning indexes of viticulture in and abroad are classified and discussed in this paper.  The suitable indices and system are chosen to study the climatic zoning in Shaanxi province. The results show that Frost Free Days as the first index, Dryness Index (from April to September) as the secondary index, Mean lowest temperature below -15℃ as the tertiary index and Precipitation of the mature (from July to September) as the forth index are suitable for viticultural climatic zoning in Shaanxi province. By applying this zoning system, Shaanxi province is divided into 11 cultivated zones, one zone is the best area for viticulture, one can produce the highest quality grape, three zones are of high quality and six zones are of general quality. Keywords:  grapevine; climatic zoning; zoning indexes
84  Contrastive Analysis of Severe Convection Weather Under the Effect of Strong Cold Air LI Wenjuan, LI Minjie Abstract: Two similar severe convection weather brought severe gale and thunder storm with short-lived hail to Zhejiang province in May, 2007 and June, 2006. The common characters of the two weather processes showed that thick cold air existed above middle-level and the low-level had thin warm and wet airflow. Synthetically utilizing Doppler radar, nephogram, actual data and NCEP reanalysis data to analyse contrastively environment condition, nephogram and echo character of the convection weathers. Further to open out the main characters and predictability about the kind of weather. The primary results had been found as follows: the 925 hPa shear was very important for forecasting such thunder storm, which formed trigger mechanism. The convergence of cold and warm air advection was main reason to trigger off convection. On the TBB cloud image, TBB grads appeared on the front of convective cloud, dry boundary was showed on the back of convective cloud. The radar detected gust front. These were the primary symptoms of devastating gale. In addition, wind direction shear and echo hang were the main symptoms of hail. Keywords:  severe convection; cold air; gust front;  comparative  analysis
Reviews
91  Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing Applied to Earthquake Monitoring and Prediction Lu Yuelin, Mao Yuping, Shi Zhengtao
97  Advances in Researches on Catalysis-Assisted Non-Thermal Plasma Technology for Air Pollution Control NING Xiaoyu, CHEN Hong, GENG Jing, et al.
102  Notes on Reviews in Chinese Science Abstracts
Focus
104  Drug Discovery——New Mode and New Strategy
Commentaries
106  "Darwin's Bulldog" Thomas Henry Huxley WANG Yusheng
107  Design Creativity of Foreign Urban Waste Classification LI Xingwei, HUANG Jing
108  When Science Nuts Taste Sweet Peter
109　Books Appraisal
Editor-in-Chief's Thoughts
111  How Do Young Scientists Achieve Success (10): How to Get Along with Academic Leader FENG Changgen
To the Workplace
112  Characteristics of Modern Scientific Research and Production Background of Science and Technology Fund LU Qunyan
113  Talking about the Employment after the "Two Conferences" CHEN Jiwei
114　Career
119　Global Jobs
Special Column
8  Cover Story: Kiwifruit: Curious Chromosomes of A Curious Fruit LI Na, WU Xiaoli
8  Sci-Tech News Ranking for the First Half of February
11  Voice of Scientific Community
12　Half-month News Briefs
14　International Journal Highlights
15　Domestic Journal Highlights
16　Scientific Community Briefs
18　Events
103　Digest of Chinese Newspapers and Journals
110　Readers' Voices MIAO Qihao, CHEN Jianfeng, et al.
111　Introduction to Scientific Community
124　Guidance for Contributors to S&T Review
125　Intellectual Games