Science & Technology Review CONTENTS

Vol.25  No.21  2007 (Sum No. 243)

This issue published on 10. Nov., 2007

Forward

1  The Biological Significance of Autopolyploid Fish and Its Broad Application Prospects

LIU Yun

News Round

7  ChangE-1 Journey to the Moon, Lunar Probe First Step in Deep Space Mission

SU Qing

Suggestion

8  Bringing the Taihu Lake under Control Scientifically and more, etc.

Articles

17  Infectious Disease Informatics and Syndromic Surveillance

ZENG Dajun, DAI Ruwei, WANG Feiyue, et al.

Abstract: Infectious Disease Informatics (IDI) is an emerging field that studies issues of data collection, sharing, modeling, and management in the domain of infectious diseases. This paper discusses various technical components of IDI research from an information technology perspective. Syndromic surveillance as a widely-adopted approach to detect and respond to public health and bioterrorism events, is used to illustrate these components of IDI research.

Key Words: infectious disease informatics; syndromic surveillance; public health information systems; intelligence and security informatics

CLC Numbers: TP3, R1  Document Code: A  Article ID: 1000-7857(2007)21-0017-06

23  Design of a Miniature Autonomous Surveillance Robot

ZHENG Change, HUANG Qiang, HUANG Yuancan, et al.

Abstract: A kind of miniature autonomous surveillance robot (BMS-1, BIT MicroScout-1) is developed to meet the demand of surveillance in confined space. This paper focuses on the mechanical design and the control system and the configuration of the sensor modules. Experiments show that BMS-1 enjoys some autonomous surveillance capabilities, such as avoiding obstacles and finding cover places.

Key Words: miniature robots; autonomous surveillance; confined space; mechanical design; control system

CLC Number: TP24  Document Code: B  Article ID: 1000-7857(2007)21-0023-04

27  Experimental Study on Fatigue Life of Casing String after Casing Drilling

SONG Shengyin, GAO Deli

Abstract: According to the similarity principle and Von Mises equivalent stress criterion, a predication model for fatigue life of the casing body is established on the basis of multi-axial fatigue testing of the reference specimen. According to API SPEC STD 5B standard, a single tooth type notched specimen for buttress thread is made from the J55 grand casing, and the two-parameter and three-parameter models and Manson-Coffin model based on stress and strain are obtained for predicating the fatigue life of the threaded joint of casing through multi-axial fatigue testing and regression analysis. At the same time, a method for predicting the fatigue life of casing string after casing drilling is also proposed in this paper, with predication error within 20%.

Key Words: casing drilling; casing string; fatigue testing; fatigue life

CLC Number: TE924  Document Code: A  Article ID: 1000-7857(2007)21-0027-04

31  Polarographic and Voltammetric Investigation on [Mn(CHZ)3](ClO4)2

YANG Li, ZHANG Tonglai, LIU Ying, et al.

Abstract: The polarographic and voltammetric behaviour of [Mn(CHZ)3](ClO4)2 (CHZ: carbohydrazide) is studied by using DP(differential pulse), SqW(square wave) and CV(cyclic voltammetry) techniques. Electrochemical behaviour of the energetic compound in a mixed medium with borate buffer and ammonia buffer at different pH values is also studied. The results show [Mn(CHZ)3](ClO4)2 has the redox on the electrode, the relation between the potential of peak in DP and SqW and the pH value is linear, and the potential of peak in CV is not related with pH value. The polarographic and voltammetric method is suitable for the determination of the energetic compounds, and it is fast, accurate and convenient.

Key Words: polarography; voltammetry; coordination compounds 

CLC Number: TQ550.72  Document Code: A  Article ID: 1000-7857(2007)21-0031-03

34  Effect of Eye Movement on the Speed of Reading Chinese Text

CHEN Xiangjun, WANG Chenxiao, ZHU Lian, et al.

Abstract: This paper studies the effect of eye movement on the speed of reading Chinese text by comparing the critical presenting unit and the visual span. 19 volunteers were enrolled in this study with best corrected VA better than 1.0. We use the Rapid Serial Visual Presentation(RSVP) to present text sequentially, one or several characters at a time at the same location in the visual field to measure the reading speed of the volunteers under 10 different presenting units and 3 different character sizes. The results show that the difference between reading speeds for different presenting units is significant (P=0.000), however, there is no significant difference for different character sizes (P=0.997), and no difference of the interaction between character size and presenting unit (P=1.000). Reading speeds under different presenting units take the following sequence: that of 1 character per unit This effect is supposed to be related to the unique structure of Chinese characters which offers the "pre-view effect" in the reading processing.

Key Words: Reading Chinese text; eye movement; RSVP

CLC Numbers: R246.82, B849  Document Code: A  Article ID: 1000-7857(2007)21-0034-04

38  Study on Magnetically Enhanced and Atomizing Corona Dis-charge Precipitation

MI Junfeng, XU Dexuan, DU Shengnan, et al.

Abstract: The characteristics of atomizing corona discharges and magnetically enhanced corona discharges are studied in this paper. The electrostatic precipitation of long life and high efficiency is achieved, with both the atomizing corona discharges and the circulating water and without any sewage． The difficulties of removing adhesive dusts of micro or sub-micro sizes in traditional electrostatic precipitation are resolved． Some experimental researches are carried out on the configuration of electrostatic precipitation with atomizing the corona discharges, the discharge characteristics, the current-voltage curves, the atomizing appearance and the cleaning of electrodes． The corona discharge current is enhanced, because of the Larmor movements of free electrons in the corona region induced by the local magnetic field near the discharge electrode. The concentrations of negative ions and free electrons are also enhanced. The charging efficiency of magnetically enhanced corona pre-charger is compared with that of the conventional corona pre-charger. The discharge mechanism of magnetic enhanced corona discharge is analyzed. This paper provides a theoretical basis for magnetically enhanced atomizing corona dis-charge precipitation.

Key Words: spraying corona discharges; magnetically enhanced corona discharges; ionization collisions; charging aerosol particles

CLC Number: X701.2  Document Code: A  Article ID: 1000-7857(2007)21-0038-06

43  Aerate Iron-Carbon Internal Electrolysis for Landfill Leachate Treatment

LUO Lixin, WEI Yadong, AN Qing, et al.

Abstract: Aerate Iron-Carbon Internal Electrolysis (AICIE) is used to treat landfill leachate under aeration conditions. Results show that, the removal rate of CODCr reaches 50%~80% under AICIE, higher than that under Iron-Carbon Internal Electrolysis (ICIE) Condition (30%~60%). Organic molecule's reduction plays an important role in the course of CODCr removal under anaerobic condition, while, the flocculation effect of iron ion is the most important factor for the color removal under aeration condition. The variation of pH and NH3-N under AICIE is within 10%.

Key Words: landfill leachate; aerate; iron carbon internal electrolysis

CLC Numbers: X703.1, X799.3  Document Code: A  Article ID: 1000-7857(2007)21-0043-04

47  Sheet-deformation in a Rectangle Drawbead

GUO Huaying, JIN Miao, WU Yubo, et al.

Abstract: Drawbead is an important measure taken to control the sheet forming. Despite some progress of the research on drawbead so far, the mechanics of forming related to drawbead needs a further exploration. This paper studies the relationship between the thickness and the equivalent strain of the sheet in a rectangle drawbead. The study indicates that the thickness will be reduced and the equivalent strain will be better distributed when the sheet passes through the rectangle drawbead. A good linear relation between the height of rectangle drawbead and the thickness reduction, and the equivalent strain of the sheet may be established. The thickness reduction and the equivalent strain will increase along with the height of the rectangle drawbead, but the drawbead width does not have a significant effects on them. What is more, the increase of corner radius of the rectangle drawbead will reduce the thickness reduction and the equivalent strain.

Key Words: drawbead; numerial simulation; subsequent forming; structural size

CLC Number: TG314.4  Document Code: A  Article ID: 1000-7857(2007)21-0047-04

51  Applications and Limitations of a Snow Mapping Algorithm Based on MODIS Data in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

CAO Yungang, YANG Xiuchun, XU Bin, et al.

Abstract: Snow covers an important part of earth surface. Snow mapping and snow dynamic monitoring constitute an important part of earth science. This paper proposes an algorithm of snow mapping based on MODIS data in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The dynamic changes of snow between 2002 and 2003 were monitored by using the NDSI threshold method. The results indicate that this algorithm is effective for snow mapping in large-scale regions despite of some limitations.

Key Words: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; snow mapping; optical remote sensing; moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS); nomalized difference snow inder (NDSI)

CLC Number: TP79  Document Code: A  Article ID: 1000-7857(2007)21-0051-04

Perspectives

55  New Water Conservancy Projects with Spartina anglica C. E. Hubbard and Spartina alterniflora Loisel

ZHONG Weichang

Reviews

63  Look Back on Half a Century Since the Discovery of Parity Violation

LU Tan, LUO Liaofu

69  Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass for Producing Bio-oil

ZHU Xifeng, LU Qiang

76  Progress of Organic Chemical Functionalizations of Carbon Nanotubes

KE Gang, HUAN Shi1, LIU Xiaoguo

81 Notes on Reviews in Chinese Science Abstracts(Chinese Edition)

Science Reports

82  Environmental Pollution and Human Health

Commentary

85  Superfieial Reading May Do Harm to Science Research

TONG Hefeng, WU Yishan

86  Where are the Limits of the Human Brain?

ZHANG Jing

87  Books Appraisal

Editor-in-chief's Thoughts

89  How to Pound the Foundation of Postgraduates Successful Research Career (XIII)

FENG Changgen

Special Columns

6  Cover Story

9  Voice of Scientific Communit

10  Half-month News Briefs

12  International Journal Highlights

13  Domestic Journal Highlights

14  Scientific Community Briefs

16  Guidance for Contributors to Science and Technology Review

84  Events

88  Readers' Letters

90  Entertainment

92  Digest of Chinese Newspapers and Journals

93  Career

95  Global Jobs