Science & Technology Review CONTENTS	Vol.26  No.2  2008	Semimonthly (Established 1980)
	(Sum No. 248)    This issue published on 28. Jan., 2008
Forward
3  Academic Freedom and the Responsibility of Scientists DU Xiangwan
News Round
9  Looking Forward to the Rise of Chinese Academic Master HUANG Yongming
Suggestion
10         Ecological Compensation: Calling for a Unified Development Plan HONG Shangqun, PAN Yue
Special to S&T Review
19  Major Advances Worldwide in Scientific Research in 2007 HUANG Yongming
Articles
24  Functions of Dopamine D2 Receptor PET Imaging in the Preparation of Parkinson's Disease Rat Model WANG Ruimin, YAO Shulin, GUO Zhe, et al. Abstract: Twenty-three PD rat models were used in 11C- Raclopride PET studies. ROI was used to analyze the ratio of striatum/cerebellum on both sides of all animals. The sections of the midbrain tissues for both normal rats and PD models were stained with TH immunohischemical method for detecting positive TH neurons. Results show that 11C- Raclopride accumulation increases in the lesioned side of striatum. The ratio of striatum/cerebellum of two sides obtained by ROI sees significant difference (p value of 0.000). TH positive cells decrease in the lesioned side of substantia nigra in the PD rat models. Dopamine D2 PET imaging, combined with the behavioral observation, can become a standard in identifying the PD rat models, and provide a molecular imaging tool for the basic research and clinic diagnosis of PD. Keywords  Parkinson's disease; rat; dopamine D2 receptor; positron emission tomography
28  Optimization of Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism Technology for Analyzing Microbial Community of Anaerobic Activated Sludge BAO Lixin, LI Jianzheng, ZHAO Yan, et al. Abstract: The microbial community structure of anaerobic activated sludge is very complex with many similar microbe gene sequences. The Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) technology is proposed in this respect. In order to obtain an SSCP profile with a perfect resolution detail, the factors, including electrophoresis temperature, glycerin and gel strength that may influence the resolution of the SSCP profile, and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) that may influence the amplification of the Polymerase-Chain-Reaction (PCR), are investigated in this paper. The results show that SSCP profiles of anaerobic activated sludge microbial community, ,amplified from the V3 region of 16S rDNA genes (about 200 bp), are perfect in resolution sensitivity under the following conditions: the gel concentration of 12%, the ratio of acrylamide (AM) and N, N′-Methylenebisacrylamide (DMAM) of 49∶1, without glycerin, electrophoresis at 4℃ and 260 V for 17 hours. The use of BSA in pretest treatment of anaerobic activated sludge could weaken the inhibiting effect of humic acid and fulvic acid on PCR amplification and improve the resolution sensitivity of SSCP profiles. The optimized technique can be used for microbial community analysis of anaerobic activated sludge. Keywords  molecular biology; polymerase chain reaction; single-strand conformation polymorphism; anaerobic activated sludge; community structure; bovine serum albumin
33  Studies on Isolation, Purification and Antibacterial Activities of Antibacterial Peptides in Swine Blood ZHANG Yanmei, SHE Ruiping, LIU Tianlong, et al. Abstract: With the fresh swine blood being treated by enzymolysis and decolorization, antibacterial peptide(ABP) was isolated by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography. The samples obtained were tested against Pasteurella using agarose diffusion assay. Those showing the antibacterial activity were put into further tests. The swine blood ABP s antibacterial activity was shown with respect to 5 bacteria strains (Escherichia coli O88 , Staphylococcus aureus ACTT25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ACTT 27853, chicken Pasteurella multocida, chicken pathogenic Salmonella typhisuis isolated). The results show that the swine blood ABP was strongly active against all the bacteria strains mentioned above. Scanning electron microscopy of Staphylococcus aureus ACTT 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ACTT 27853 treated with the ABP shows that their surface became rough, as being deformed into crimpled figures and stopping multiplication. It indicates that the swine blood ABP not only damaged the bacterial structure, but also affected their multiplication. Keywords  swine blood; antibacterial peptide; isolation and purification; antibacterial activity; electron microscopy
38  Comparative Study on Callus Induction, Differentiation and Regeneration Capacity of Different Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Cultivars ZHANG He, HUANG Qiman Abstract: In this paper, a comparison is made on callus induction, differentiation and regeneration capacity of cotyledons, cotyledonary nodes and hypocotyls of four alfalfa cultivars: XinjiangDaye, Longdong, Gannong No. 1 and Gannong No. 3. The effects of different combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulators on callus induction and shoot differentiation are studied. The results show that the regeneration capacity of different cultivars is in the following order: XinjiangDaye>Gannong No. 3>Gannong No. 1>Longdong, with hypocotyls being better than cotyledons and cotyledonary nodes. Callus formation frequencies of hypocotyls on MS+2mg/L 2, 4-D+ 0.2mg/L ZT are, respectively, 94%, 83％, 71％ and 58％. Shoot differentiation frequencies on MS+0.2mg/L ZT+50mg/L Glutamine are, respectively, 15.8%, 9.2％, 7.1％ and 4.5％. The regenerating shoots would develop rooting systems, which grow well on 1/2 MS media. All regenerated alfalfa plantlets were successfully transferred into the soil. This study on alfalfa regenerated capacity provides a foundation for further alfalfa improvement through genetic engineering strategies. Keywords  alfalfa; callus induction; differentiation and regeneration; tissue culture
42  Determination of Glycyrrhizic Acid in Fuzi Lizhongwan by High Performance Liquid Chromatography WANG Erbing, QU Tingli, ZHAO Zhengbao Abstract: The paper discusses a quantitative determination of glycyrrhizic acid in fuzi lizhongwan by high performance liquid chromatography. The standard curves are obtained with accuracy, stability and repetition as conformed with  China Pharmacopeia. The results show that the method is accurate and easy to operate, which can be used to control the quality of fuzi lizhongwan and other varieties. Keywords  chromatography; high pressure liquid; glycyrrhizic acid; content determination
46  Solution of Boundary Layer Differential Equations Solution Based on Optimum Method ZHANG Yongheng, WANG Liangbi, LIANG Shixuan Abstract: Boundary layer ordinary differential equations obtained by similarity transformation are nonlinear, and of the type of two point boundary value problems. The equations can be solved with algorithms of trial and error, using unknown initial values to match far end boundary values. In analyzing the effects of unknown initial values on far end boundary values, it is shown that the process of searching initial values can be regarded as an optimum problem and one can use optimum algorithms. Five optimum algorithms are used to solve free convection boundary layer equations for fluid flow along a vertical plate with constant wall temperature. It is shown that with the optimum algorithms, the iteration processes are stable and relatively non-sensitive to starting initial values. Finally, the simulating model blocks for Falkner-Skan equation and free convection boundary layer equations are build up, and solved with optimum algorithms. Keywords  boundary layer; differential equation; optimization
51  Experimental Investigation on Effects of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma on Flow Field in the Wake of Circular Cylinder Cross Flow LI Gang1, LI Yiming, NIE Chaoqun, et al. Abstract: wo dimensional particle image velocimetry system is used to investigate effects of the dielectric barrier discharge plasma on the flow field in the wake of circular cylinder cross flow. Analysis of transient and time averaged flow field shows that plasma actuators placed in the surface of the circular cylinder can influence the flow field in circular cylinder cross flow by forming a jet at the wake, which may be used in its control. Keywords  circular cylinder; flow control; plasma; dielectric barrier discharge
56  Synchronization and Control in Complex Delayed Dynamical Networks with Impulsive Effects ZHOU Jin, LIU Zengrong Abstract: The present paper discusses issues of synchronization dynamics and control in complex delayed dynamical networks with impulsive effects from the viewpoint of dynamics and control. Based on impulsive stability theory for delayed dynamical systems, some simple but less conservative criteria are derived for synchronization of such dynamical networks. Furthermore, the theoretical results are applied to some typical scale-free complex networks with impulsive effects composed of coupled chaotic dynamical nodes such as the delayed Hopfield neural networks and the FHN neuron oscillators, and numerical simulations are carried out to verify and also visualize the theoretical results. Keywords  complex dynamical networks; time delays; impulsive effects; chaos synchronization and control; scale-free networks
61  Risk Analysis of Flood Disaster in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River WANG Xuechen, LENG Chunxiang, FENG Xiangzhao, et al. Abstract: In this paper, the intensity characteristics of flood disaster are defined by the flood indices for the area in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and the extreme precipitation events in this area are studied by Monte Carlo simulation. It is found that the flood disasters occur frequently, and damage losses are sever, and the risk of extreme precipitation events is great. At the same time, the close relationship between the flood disasters and the related losses is analyzed, and it is shown that one must pay great attention to studies on flood disaster or meteorological disaster, to ensure sustainable social and economical development in this area. Keywords  flood disaster; strength characteristics; probability risk; disaster situation
67  The NMC Nested Regional Spectral Model for Wenzhou Rainstorm Prediction During the Seasons of Typhoon ZHENG Feng, MIAO Changming, ZHANG Xiaowei, et al. Abstract: A regional spectral model based on nested primitive equations is developed. The model consists of two components-a low-resolution global spectral model and a high-resolution regional spectral model with identical vertical structure and physical processes. The global model is a low-resolution version of the operational global spectral model of the National Meteorological Center (NMC) of the United States, using spherical harmonics as horizontal basis functions. The primitive equations in the regional spectral model are based on a stereographic projection, with sine-cosine series as horizontal basis functions. The regional component can predict deviations from the forecast of the global model component, as first proposed by Hoyer. A semi-implicit time scheme, time filtering, initialization, and horizontal diffusion are applied to these deviations in the regional domain. With the NRSM, the Wenzhou rainstorm during seasons of typhoon is studied and some valuable sections are obtained and used for typhoon forecasting.  Keywords  NRSM; typhoon forecasting; sensitivity experiments
76  Clinical Observation of the Reversal Puncture Infusion by Using Scalp Vein Catheter Shang Jinhong Abstract: To study the effects of the reversal puncture by using scalp vein catheter on baby patients whose clinical infusion is long and whose condition of blood vessel is poor, 400 baby patients aged 2 days to 2 years were chosen as the research objects. A random sampling was used to determine the experiment group and the contrast group and the scalp was vein-injected on the forehead, with a shallow puncture. For the experiment group, the catheter puncture was used, while for the contrast group, a straight puncture was used. By comparing the ratio of successful puncture and successful blood turn-around for both groups, it is shown that the ratio of successful puncture of the experiment group is better than that of the contrast group. Therefore, it is concluded that for baby patients with long clinical operations and poor blood vessel conditions, this practice is effective and practical. Keywords  scalp vein; catheter; reversal puncture
Reviews
78  Way to Ultra Low Cost Tumor Hyperthermia Treatment: Targeted High Intensity Thermochemical Ablation Therapy LIU Jing, DENG Zhongshan, RAO Wei
85  Advances in Signal Processing Based on Quantum Theory Mei Wenbo, Du Huiqian
90  Energy Issues Faced by China in the Scenario of CO2 Mitigation He Jiankun, Zhang Xiliang, Li Zheng, et al.
93  Notes on Reviews in Chinese Science Abstracts(Chinese Edition)
Science Reports
96  On the Science and Technology Focal Points: A Viewpoint of Revising Science and Technology Progress Law Cui Qi, Chen Guangren
Commentary
98  “Eureka！”——The Discovery of Buoyancy Law WANG Yusheng
99  Discussion on the Relationship between Critical Citation and Impact Factor of Academic Journals ZHU Daming
100  Go Left, Go Right——Asymmetry: An Interesting Topic CHEN Rongxia
101  Books Appraisal
Editor-in-chief's Thoughts
103  How to Pound the Foundation of Postgraduates Successful Research Career (XVIII) FENG Changgen
Special Columns
8  Cover Story
11  Voice of Scientific Communit
12  Half-month News Briefs
14  International Journal Highlights
15  Domestic Journal Highlights
16  Scientific Community Briefs
18  Guidance for Contributors to Science and Technology Review
84  Correspondence: The Misconduct
94  Digest of Chinese Newspapers and Journals
95  Events
102  Readers' Letters
104  Enterainments
To the Workplace
106  Knowing One's Own：The Prerequisite and Foundation of "Matching People and Jobs" CHENG Jiwei
107  Carrer
110  Global Jobs