Science & Technology Review CONTENTS	Vol.26  No.19  2008 (Sum No. 265)
	This issue published on 13. Oct., 2008
Forward
3  Opportunities and Challenges in Research and Development of New Anticancer Drugs ZHEN Yongsu
News Round
9  Highlights Starts from the Spacewalk HUANG Yongming
Suggestion
10  Suggesting the Introduction of "CO2 Emission Reduction Key Technology Innovation and Development Program" YAN Jinyue
Special to S&T Review
21  Science and Philosophical Thoughts on Science WANG Yuping
Articles
25  Simulation of the Annual and Semi-annual Variation of F2 Region Ionosphere at Mid- and Low-latitudes YU Tao, WAN Weixing, LIU Libo, et al. Abstract: With a theoretical ionosphere model, the annual and semi-annual variations of NmF2 and hmF2 at F2 region are simulated at mid- and low-latitudes  under  low  solar  and  geomagnetic  activities. The influence of electric fields on NmF2 and hmF2 are analyzed with the annual and semi-annual variations of electric fields included. The results show that the simulated NmF2 sees a semi-annual variation and hmF2 sees an annual variation  while the input electric field shows neither semi-annual nor annual variation. The simulated NmF2 and hmF2 annual and semi-annual variations would be much different when the input electric field shows annual and semi-annual variations. Further investigations show that the electric field has greater influence on NmF2 than on hmF2, and for NmF2 the influence shows both at the equatorial and hump region ionosphere, while for hmF2  the influence shows onlty at the equatorial ionosphere. Keywords:  annual  variation;  semi-annual  variation;  ionospheric simulation; ionospheric electric field
31  Regional Air Environment Study Based on Numerical Simulation REN Yongjian, LAI Anwei, GAO Qingxian Abstract: According to the general requirements of the integration project of the South Coal Corporation, Yangquan City, Shanxi Province, the aggregative model MM5 coupled with CALPUFF was applied to simulate the concentration of PM10 and SO2 for a full month in July, 2005 in Yangquan. It is shown that local emissions play a crucial role in the air environment in Yangquan. The average concentration contribution to SO2 is 85.31  g/m3 in July; the contribution to PM10 is 39.3  g/m3. The local point emissions make relatively big contribution to SO2. The average concentration contribution may reach 65.04 ?滋g/m3 in July. The local area emissions  make relatively big contribution to PM10. And the concentration contribution is 28.75 ?滋g/m3 in July. The emissions from surrounding regions are lower, but also have quite significant influence in certain processes through the regional transportation. Keywords:  air environment; numerical simulation; contribution concentration
37  Sufficient Theorem for Periodic Solutions to a Class of High Order Differential Equations CHEN Xinyi Abstract: This paper studies a class of high order differential equation as follows ax(2n)(t)+cx′(t)+bx(t)+g(x(t－τ(t)))=p(t). By using the theory of coincidence degree, a sufficient condition for existence of at least one T-periodic solution is obtained. This work generalizes the known result. Keywords:  high order differential equation; periodic solution; coincidence degree
39  One-step Synthesis of ε-Caprolactam from Cyclohexane Catalyzed by VPO Composites MAO Liqiu, YOU Kuiyi, YIN Dulin, et al. Abstract: A series of transition metal-doped VPO composite catalysts were prepared by impregnating method in an organic medium, and were employed to catalyze reaction of cyclohexane with nitrosyl sulfuric acid in the presence of fuming sulphuric acid. The results show that ε-caprolactam can directly be obtained from such one-step catalytic process and the Mn-Al-VPO catalyst works the best with 20.19% of conversion and 48.86% of selectivity to ε-caprolactam among these VPO composites, which promises a potential  new  one-step process  for  making ε-caprolactam from cyclohexane. Keywords:  cyclohexane;  nitrosyl  sulfuric  acid;  ε-caprolactam; VPO composite catalysts
42  Relations Between Vegetables Water-growth Function and Their Eco-water Consumption YANG Haimei, LI Mingsi Abstract: The  eco-environmental  water  consumption  for  natural vegetables is related to the level of ecological recovery and the plans of agricultural water use in arid regions. By cultivating Artemisia annua L. in the tubs with differential soil moistures, its growth under different water consumptions is analyzed and the water growth function for Artemisia annua L . is obtained and discussed according to Logistic Model. The relation between vegetables growth states and the resultant environmental and ecological effects is analyzed. The water growth function of vegetables and the influence of vegetable's growth on the eco-environment are the basis for estimating the eco-environmental water consumption for vegetables. The experimental results show that good growth of vegetables will result in advantageous environmental and ecological effects with large water consumption, which can be used to  estimate  the  eco-environmental  water consumption for natural vegetables. Keywords:  vegetable;  water-growth function;  ecological waterconsumption; eco-environment;  Artemisia annua L.
46  Research on Distribution-weighted Template Matching Algorithm of Character Image Recognition GUO Gang, HU Changzhen Abstract: The low recognition accuracy is reduced by the background noise of image in process of recognizing characters in images with standard template matching algorithm. Distribution-weighted template matching recognition algorithm was introduced to achieve higher recognition accuracy. After obtaining the matching results between images and templates, all the matching points and mismatching points were clustered according to the distance between points. Then mismatching points and matching points would be divided into different groups. Points in different groups were set the different weights. The collective points would be appended with high weights. The dispersive points would be appended with low weights. Matching degree between images and templates was computed at last. The template which has the highest matching degree would be chosen as the recognition result. The experiments show that this algorithm has a higher recognition accuracy in recognizing the character images with noise background. Keywords:  clustering;  distribution-weighted;  template matching recognition
50  Effect of the Grain Composition on the Performance of the Slag Cement LIU Wenyong, TIAN Jialong, FENG Chunxi, et al. Abstract: This paper studies the influence of particle size distribution of slag powder on strength of new type slag cement by using the method of grey value correlation analysis. According to the correlation degree between the slag particle size distribution and the strength of new type slag cement, it is concluded that the volume fraction of 0～5 μm particles has a maximum effect on its early strength,  and  the  volume  fraction  of 5～10 μm particles has  a maximum effect on its later strength. Therefore, the strength of new type slag cement can be improved by controlling the particle size distribution of slag. Keywords:  slag powder;  new type slag cement;  particle size distribution;  grey value correlation analysis
56  Static Injection Chem-iluminescence Detection of Dihydroxybenzenes in River MENG Lei, NING Aimin, ZHAO Yiqing Abstract: For highly sensitive monitoring of dihydroquinones, a chemi-luminescence detection method is proposed in this paper. Under an acid medium, dihydroquinone shows strong sensitivity enhancement effect to chem-iluminescence produced by potassium permanganate system. Based on this system, a static injection chem-iluminescence method is designed for the determination of dihydroquinones. The standard curve of dihydroquinones is linear in the range of 0.12~0.60 mg/L and the calibration plots of standard dihydroquinones show good RSD (0.4207%~1.4649%), good recovery (97.7%~112.5%) and excellent linearity (R2=0.9972). The method has been used for the determination of dihydroquinones in different rivers and good results were obtained. As a convenient and sensitive method, it is suitable for the determination of dihydroquinones in water in the field of environmental protection. Keywords:  chem-iluminescence;  potassium permanganate;  Dihydroxybenzenes
59  Effects of Simulated Weightlessness on Tissue Structure and AR and HSP70  Expressions in Testicle of Rat TANG Jin, SHE Ruiping, WANG Desheng, et al. Abstract: -30°Tail-suspension(TS) was used to simulate the physiological effects of weightlessness, and thirty-two Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: 7 d CON (control for 7 d), 14 d CON, 7 d TS (TS for 7 d) and 14 d TS. Histopathological changes of  testicle of test rats were observed by HE stain. Location and expression of AR and HSP70 in testicle of rats were observed by  means  of  immuno-histochemistry,  and  the  densities of  AR and HSP70 immunoreactivity in four groups were compared. Results show obvious pathological lesions presented in testicle of 7 d TS and 14 d TS rats. Germinal epithelium irregularity and malformed spermatozoa were found in seminiferous tubules. Degeneration and necrosis of Germinal epithelium were found in testicle of 7 d TS and 14 d TS rats. AR immunoreactive cell densities in the 7 d TS and 14 d TS groups were significantly decreased as compared with the in-phase normal control groups(P<0.01). While HSP70 immunoreactive cell densities in the 7 d TS and 14 d TS rats were significantly increased as compared with the control rats(P<0.01), and in testicular interstice or extracellular, there were very strong eHSP70 immunoreactive positive staining signals. The results indicate that ground simulated weightlessness induced by 7~14 d TS in rats can lead to serious injuries, depressed expression of AR and enhanced expression of HSP70 in testicle. Keywords:  simulated weightlessness;  histopathology;  AR; HSP70;  testicle; rat
69  Scanning Calorimetric Study on Tissue and Blood Samples of Diabetic Mice ZENG Yanzhang, RAO Wei, GAO Xing, et al. Abstract: Diabetic mice and normal control mice were chosen for experiment. Following a standard test procedure, the lung, liver, and kidney tissues were extracted from mice of two groups and made into samples to be measured. Meanwhile, blood samples were also extracted for a comparative evaluation. Scanning calorimetric curves of the samples were measured at high temperature (37~65℃) and low temperature (20~-50℃) ranges with Differential  Scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal properties of samples of the two groups were analyzed and compared. The results show that the lung and liver tissues of normal mice have higher specific heat than those of the diabetic ones in the high temperature range, but the specific heat of normal kidney tissue is evidently lower than that of the diabetic samples. In addition, the latent heat of normal group blood in low temperature range was also found higher than that of diabetic mice blood. Such differences are expected to be used in developing certain new technical strategy for the determination of diabetes mellitus. Keywords:  diabetes mellitus;  differential scanning calorimetry;  specific heat; latent heat
73  Differential Proteomic Analysis of Endothelial Cells with Pre- and Post-Focused Ultrasound near Field Irradiation LIU Yi, CHEN Liping, FAN Xiufang, et al. Abstract: To compare the proteome difference between endothelial cells with focused ultrasound near field irradiation and those without and to study the biological effects of focused ultrasound near field, SDS-PAGE was performed to separate proteins from endothelial cells with irradiation of focused ultrasound near field and those without. LC-ESI-ITMS/MS was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins between 2 groups. The expression levels of differential protein actin in endothelial cells of the two groups were confirmed by Western blotting. 7 differential proteins were identified in 2 protein bands of the relative molecular mass over (95~130)×103 by LC-ESI-ITMS/MS. Seven differential expression proteins provide some basic information for further study on biological effect of focused ultrasound near field. Keywords:  endothelial cells; focused ultrasound near field; LC-ESI-ITMS/MS; differential expression protein
78  Direct Effect of Insulin Resistance on Androgen Excess within Porcine Ovarian Thecal Cells GAO Lei, LI Wei, WU Xiaoke, et al. Abstract: To study the direct effect of insulin resistance on androgen excess within thecal cells and the partial improvement by using insulin sensitizers, namely Troglitazone(Tro) and metoformin (Met), ovarian theca cells from porcine follicles were isolated and cultured in vitro. Insulin resistance was induced in theca cells by Dexamethasone(Dex) treatment, which were further treated by Tro, Met. We determined the level of the medium glucose and testosterone, as well as the cellular expression of key insulin signal and androgen synthesis molecules' mRNA or protein expression. The results show that: ①Insulin resistance induced by Dex could directly and greatly increase androgenic potentials within the thecal cells from porcine ovaries, suggesting the involvement of this ovarian metabolic phenotype in the pathogenesis of androgen excess in PCOS; ② The beneficial effects of two sensitizing agents on reproduction may result from the alleviation of insulin resistance and androgen synthesis commonly found in PCOS treatment, indicating a local role within polycystic ovaries. Keywords:  insulin resistance; ovarian thecal cells; insulin sensitizing agents; polycystic ovary syndrome
84  Ovary Defective Leptin Signal Does not Induce Ovarian Failure in the db/db Mouse QU Junwei, ZHANG Yuehui, WU Xiaoke, et al. Abstract: To study the role of impaired leptin signaling played in ovary reproductive failure and abnormal lipid profiles in the db/db mouse with mutant leptin receptor (LR-), adult, female C57BL/6J mice were used in our experiments, littermate wide types (LR+), as well  as  diabetic (db/db)  mutant  genotypes (LR-).  By  ovary transplantation on the day of 12 weeks, five genotypic groups were constructed with body LR+ and ovary LR- in Group A, body LR+ and ovary LR- in Group B, body LR+ and ovary LR+ in Group C, body LR- and ovary LR+ in Group D, and body LR- and ovary LR- in Group E . The vaginal smear was performed to evaluate the recovery and cyclicity of transplanted ovaries with mutant or intact LR. Before execution, all mice were injected with recombination FSH (4 h before), and then the ovaries were collected for the detection of the expression of JAK2, ERK, p-ERK and the LDLR, and the serum were reserved for the assay of the glucose, insulin, LDL-c, E2, P, FSH and LH. The weights of mice, their ovary and their fat pads were also recorded. The results show that mice in D and E groups have similar profiles of the glucose and fat metabolism, that is, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia, in significantly higher levels than those of A, B and C groups, although still in comparably normal levels. Moreover, mice with mutant body LR in D and E groups are acyclic and anovulatory, which means diminished steroidogenic capacity and gonadotropin levels, although ovaries in two groups are genetically different in LR. Mice with intact body LR in A, B, and C groups show normal cycles with similar gonadotropin and steroid levels and each group bear ovary with mutant or intact LR. The protein analysis shows a significantly higher FSH induced expression of p-ERK and LDLR in ovaries of A, B and C groups as compared with D and E groups, and significant higher leptin activated JAK2 expression  in  LR+  ovaries  in  C  group  as  compared  with other groups. Thus it is concluded that ovary failure in the db/db mice is due to the hyperlipidemia state and the low gonadotropin levels, not due to defective leptin signal within ovaries. Ovarian hypercytolipidemia could be induced by overall hyperlipidemia through defective ovarian JAK2 expression or rescued by FSH induced phosphrylation of ERK and LDLR expression. Keywords:  ovary;  polycystic ovary syndrome;  leptin; signal transmit
Reviews
90  Advances in Researches and Applications of Ensemble Prediction with Initial Perturbation ZHENG Feng
96  Constructing C4 Rice——The Challenge of New Green Revolution ZHANG Bianjiang, CHEN Quanzhan, JIAO Demao
99  Notes on Reviews in Chinese Science Abstracts
Science Reports
102  Challenges and Opportunities to Chinese Science and Technology Journals CHEN Guangren, SU Qing
Commentary
104  Reflecting on Galileo's Inventing Telescope GUAN Zengjian
105  Independent Personality of Scientists TONG Hefeng, WU Yishan
106  Plague: Warning in a Blooming Age, or Real Danger? XIE Shusheng
107  Books Appraisal
Editor-in-chief's Thoughts
89  How to Pound the Foundation of Postgraduates Successful Research Career (XXXIV) FENG Changgen
To the Workplace
112  Honesty and Trustworthiness are the Cornerstones of Success in WorkplaceCHENG Jiwei
113  Career
117  Global Jobs
Special Columns
8  Cover Story: The Scientific Moments, the Artistic Moments HUANG Yongming
8  Sci-Tech News Ranking for the Second Half of September
11  Voice of Scientific Community
12  Half-month News Briefs
14  International Journal Highlights
15  Domestic Journal Highlights
16  Scientific Community Briefs
18  Guidance for Contributors to S&T Review
100  Digest of Chinese Newspapers and Journals
101  Events
108  Readers' Letters WANG Dong, WANG Xiaokun, HUANG Kai, et al.
110  Entertainments